Court Systems: History, Structure, and Philosophy
Name
CJS/251
1 March 2016
Instructors Name
Describe a court and its purpose
A court is a unit or agency of the legal branch of government, established or authorized by constitution or statute, and involving of one or more judicial officers, which has the power to decide upon cases, disputed information of fact brought before the court and agreements in law.
Define the dual court system
The dual court system consists of the Federal courts system and the State court system. court system in the United States, judicial branches of the federal and state governments charged with the application and interpretation of the law. The U.S. court system is divided into two administratively separate systems, the federal and the state, each of which is independent of the executive and legislative branches of government. Such a dual court system is a heritage of the colonial period. By the time the U.S. Constitution had first mandated (1789) the establishment of a federal judiciary, each of the original Thirteen Colonies already had its own comprehensive court system based on the English model. Thus, the two systems grew side by side and came to exercise exclusive jurisdiction in some areas and overlapping, or concurrent, jurisdiction in others. State courts are courts of “general jurisdiction”“general jurisdiction”. They hear all the cases not specifically selected for federal courts. Just as the federal courts interpret federal laws, state courts interpret state laws. Each state gets to make and interpret its own laws. This helps the states retain power, and makes sure that the national government does not become too strong.
Describe the role that early legal codes, the common law, and precedent played in the development of courts
Identify the role of courts in criminal justice today
The criminal justice system in the U.S. serves three primary purposes. The criminal justice system exists to investigate, prosecute and punish crimes. In each state, and in the federal system, two separate codes guide the operation of the criminal justice system. These are the codes of criminal law and the codes of criminal procedure. A code of criminal law establishes what constitutes crimes in certain jurisdictions. A code of criminal procedure establishes the manner in which an alleged criminal offender is prosecuted for a crime and sentenced to a punishment if convicted.
References
court system in the United States. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/court-system-united-states.html
State Courts vs. Federal Courts. (2015). Retrieved from http://judiciallearningcenter.org/state-courts-vs-federal-courts/
The Role of the Criminal Justice System . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_6122501_role-criminal-justice-system.html
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
I certify that the attached paper is my original work. I am familiar with, and acknowledge my responsibilities which are part of, the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else. I have identified the sources of all information whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, all images, and all quotations with citations and reference listings. Along with citations and reference listings, I have used quotation marks to identify quotations of fewer than 40 words and have used block indentation for quotations of 40 or more words. Nothing in this assignment violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature.
Student’s signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature):
Steven C.Roberts
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