CRJ 180 Midterm

Question 1

6 out of 6 points

   
  Youth who are diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder are more likely to:      
  Selected Answer: All of the above are correct.Correct Answer: All of the above are correct.      

Question 2

6 out of 6 points

   
  Life-course persistent delinquents:      
  Selected Answer: remain locked in antisocial lifestyles throughout their lives.Correct Answer: remain locked in antisocial lifestyles throughout their lives.      

Question 3

6 out of 6 points

   
  Most criminologists agree that juvenile crime is less violent today than it was in the early 1990s. According to the text, the reason(s) cited for this decline include:      
  Selected Answer: All of the above are correct.Correct Answer: All of the above are correct.      

Question 4

6 out of 6 points

   
  Serious chronic offenders often commit their first crimes before age _____ and by age ____ have a lengthy police record.      
  Selected Answer: 10; 18Correct Answer: 10; 18      

Question 5

6 out of 6 points

   
  A set of characteristics that describe a person’s beliefs, ways of thinking, behaviors, and motivations is called __________.      
  Selected Answer: personalityCorrect Answer: personality      

Question 6

6 out of 6 points

   
  According to the theory of differential oppression, some children are obedient out of fear. This particular response to oppression is called:      
  Selected Answer: passive acceptance.Correct Answer: passive acceptance.      

Question 7

6 out of 6 points

   
  _______ theory tells us that crime is a result of certain conditions within certain neighborhoods.      
  Selected Answer: Cultural devianceCorrect Answer: Cultural deviance      

Question 8

0 out of 6 points

   
  During the 18th and 19th centuries, all children who committed violent crimes in England were      
  Selected Answer: sent to prison.Correct Answer: Only A and B are correct.      

Question 9

6 out of 6 points

   
  Frequent explanations for the disparity between White and African American rates of juvenile offending include:      
  Selected Answer: All of the choices are correct.Correct Answer: All of the choices are correct.      

Question 10

6 out of 6 points

   
  According to labeling theorists, the main problem with calling a child “delinquent” is that:      
  Selected Answer: the child may internalize the description and live up to it.Correct Answer: the child may internalize the description and live up to it.      

Question 11

6 out of 6 points

   
  According to rational choice theory, offenders:      
  Selected Answer: weigh the costs and benefits of their behavior before they act.Correct Answer: weigh the costs and benefits of their behavior before they act.      

Question 12

6 out of 6 points

   
  According to Albert Cohen, teachers, social workers, and some parents judge children by:      
  Selected Answer: the middle-class measuring rod.Correct Answer: the middle-class measuring rod.      

Question 13

6 out of 6 points

   
  The text defines a theory as:      
  Selected Answer: ideas used to explain facts.Correct Answer: ideas used to explain facts.      

Question 14

6 out of 6 points

   
  According to Edwin Sutherland, delinquent behavior is:      
  Selected Answer: learned through interaction with others.Correct Answer: learned through interaction with others.      

Question 15

0 out of 6 points

   
  In a conflict subculture, children      
  Selected Answer: join gangs, which engage in frequent conflict with one another.Correct Answer: turn to violence out of frustration over the lack of legitimate and illegitimate opportunities in their neighborhoods.      

Question 16

6 out of 6 points

   
  ______ is a personality disorder characterized by serious antisocial behavior, lack of guilt, deception, and little fear or anxiety.      
  Selected Answer: PsychopathyCorrect Answer: Psychopathy      

Question 17

6 out of 6 points

   
  ______ is an example of a status offense.      
  Selected Answer: TruancyCorrect Answer: Truancy      

Question 18

6 out of 6 points

   
  Early attempts to regulate juvenile behavior included:      
  Selected Answer: implementing rigid laws with equally severe punishments for children as adults.Correct Answer: implementing rigid laws with equally severe punishments for children as adults.      

Question 19

6 out of 6 points

   
  Which of the following is/are a developmental risk factor(s) for delinquency?      
  Selected Answer: All are risk factorsCorrect Answer: All are risk factors      

Question 20

6 out of 6 points

   
  Sigmund Freud theorized that personality consists of three parts; the part that is present at birth and consists of a person’s desires and motives is called the ______.      
  Selected Answer: idCorrect Answer: id      

Question 21

6 out of 6 points

   
  According to Cesare Beccaria’s ideas, punishment must be swift, certain, and _____.      
  Selected Answer: severeCorrect Answer: severe      

Question 22

6 out of 6 points

   
  The age–crime curve has been found to:      
  Selected Answer: be similar regardless of race, gender, or socioeconomic status.Correct Answer: be similar regardless of race, gender, or socioeconomic status.      

Question 23

6 out of 6 points

   
  According to the text, which is not one of the four R’s taught in American schools today?      
  Selected Answer: respecting authority.Correct Answer: respecting authority.      

Question 24

6 out of 6 points

   
  The existence of free will means that:      
  Selected Answer: human beings have the ability to make choices.Correct Answer: human beings have the ability to make choices.      

Question 25

6 out of 6 points

   
  According to the text, patriarchy is:      
  Selected Answer: a social system that values male domination and hierarchy.Correct Answer: a social system that values male domination and hierarchy.      

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