Negative Nicotine – PowerPoint Presentation

Major health risks associated with cigarette smoking

“A smoker’s risk of developing CHD is more than twice that of a nonsmoker (1). Smoking is also considered the biggest risk factor for sudden death due to cardiac arrest, a heart attack, or irregular heart- beats (arrhythmias)” (Powers & Dodd, 2017).Smoking cause lung cancer which is the leading killer in death by cancer.Mouth is another cancer that can be caused by smokingThroat cancer or the esophageal cancer can be caused by smoking.Other cancers that can be caused by smoking are kidney, cervix, liver, bladder, pancreas, stomach, colon/rectum, and myeloid leukemia

Examine the health benefits of smoking cessation.

Smoking harms nearly every organ in your body.At 20 mins of quitting your blood pressure and heart rate decreases.At 8 hours your blood rises to normal.Your risk off heart attack drops within 24 hours.At 2 days your senses start to return to normal. Within a 3 month period your circulation and lung function begin to improve.Within 1 to 9 months coughing, sinus problems and shortness of breath decreases and you have more energy.

Explain the benefits of a smoke-free environment for employees as well as the employer.

Second hand smoke affects others around the smoker.People that are exposed to second hand smoke are open to the same cancer causing chemicals that a smoker is.Second hand smoke on a daily basis can double the risk of a heart attack. It is estimated that there are about 3000 cases of lung cancer in non-smokers. If there are employees that have asthma, smoke can make the problems worse. People who regularly breathe second hand smoke have higher rates of cancer and heart disease.

Generalize how the Stages of Change Model can be used to evaluate a person’s readiness to quit smoking.

The Stages of Change model 4 shows that, for most persons, a change in behavior occurs gradually, with the patient moving from being uninterested, unaware or unwilling to make a change (pre-contemplation), to considering a change (contemplation), to deciding and preparing to make a change. Understanding change gradually occurs over four stages.Pre-contemplation stage- people don’t consider changing.Contemplation stage- people are undecided about changing.Preparation stage- people in this stage are preparing to make a change and may attempt small experimental changes.Action stage- actual actions to stop smoking are demonstrated.

Explain one way to motivate change at each stage of the Stages of Change Model.

Pre-contemplation stage-motivational interviewing.Once in the contemplation stage, subjects are the most likely to respond to feedback and education as sources of information about smoking. Along with this increased openness to information about smoking, contemplators report feeling and thinking more about themselves in relationship to their problem behavior.Preparation stage-Cognitive-behavioral therapy can occur to help the patient stay focused.Action stage- any action that is demonstrated should be praised.

Reference

James O., P., & Carlo C., D. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, (3), 390.GRETCHEN L. ZIMMERMAN, PSY.D., CYNTHIA G. OLSEN, M.D., and MICHAEL F. BOSWORTH, D.O. (2000). A ‘Stages of Change’ Am Fam Physician. 2000 Mar 1;61(5):1409-1416.Powers, S. K., & Dodd, S. L. (2017). Total fitness & wellness, the Mastering Health edition. (7th ed.). Retrieved from https://www.vitalsource.com