Review Of The Literature

Review Of The Literature

Grand Canyon University

Professional Capstone Project

NRS-441V–OL191

Review Of The Literature

Articles Review and Appraisal

1.Sartini M, Cristina ML, Spagnolo AM, et al. The epidemiology of domestic injurious falls in a community dwelling elderly population: an outgrowing economic burden. Eur J Public Health 2010; 20:604–6.

Fall is one of the major problems that cause severe problems and discomfort among the people, especially to the older people. It has become of the major issue all over the globe and has become a matter of concern for the major medical groups. The author of this article conducts a study of the patients suffering from fall and its effects along with the medical expenses incurred by the patients for the recovery. The author efficiently studies the people of older age group and discovers that fall injuries are found more among the subjects ho are being diagnosed with other diseases. Also few other factors like drugs are responsible for the fall, hence suggesting that preventive measure have become necessary for the protection of the people from the fall.

2.Nitz JC, Low Choy NL. Falling is not just for older women: support for pre-emptive prevention intervention before 60. Climacteric 2011; 11:461–6.

In this study, the likely factors for the fall among the women of the age forty to eighty are being studied and it tries to provide the necessary requirements and steps to prevent such fall. The author of this article beautifully incorporates all the necessary points and evidences, including the numerical figures necessary for the study that depicts the exact age group of the subjects of the study and the causes and factors responsible for such falls. At the end, the author summarizes the overall article in a well decorated manner with suggestions of preventive measures

3.Sterling DA, O’Connor JA, Bonadies J. Geriatric falls: injury severity is high and disproportionate to mechanism. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2011; 50:116–9.

The authors of this article conducts a study of the patients to discover and disclose the facts regarding the falls and its related mechanism and effects. The author considers 1,512 subjects of varied age group and tries to find the main reason for their fall and makes a brief discussion of the subjects of all age group. They quite sensibly stick strictly to the facts and data collected and discloses that the same level fall has varied effects upon the people of different age group and the severity & mortality rate is higher among the people of older age.

4.Spink MJ, Menz HB, Fotoohabadi MR, et al. Effectiveness of a multifaceted podiatry intervention to prevent falls in community dwelling older people with disabling foot pain:randomised controlled trial.BMJ 2011;342:d3411.

Fall in the elderly results in severe problems which can lead to deaths. The author in this article narrows down the patients suffering from such problems and categorizes them into two separate groups, naming them as intervention group and controlled group. The people of intervention group are trained and made to do physical exercises and the results are studied, mainly intending to find better results and comparing them with the subjects of the controlled group. The author discovers that the people of the intervention group has shown much improvement than the people of controlled group and hence such strategies and intervention programs must implemented at the medical facilities to help the patients suffering from the fall.

5.Gillespie WJ, Gillespie LD, Parker MJ. Hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010(10):CD001255.

Hip protector is the mechanism introduced by the medical facilities to protect the people from further injury or problems in the hip resulting from the fall on the hip. However, to find the true effectiveness of the hip protector, the author conducts a study and witnesses 5,135 community dwelling participants and discovers that the protection not just fails to provide any security against the fall, but also causes discomfort. The authors of the article statistically narrates all the conditions and effects while using the hip protection and its inability to help the people.

6.Stafford AC, Alswayan MS, Tenni PC. Inappropriate prescribing in older residents of Australian care homes. J Clinical Pharm Ther 2011; 36:33–44.

Inappropriate prescribing of drugs among the people, especially the older people leads to the severe drug related problem like adverse drug reaction. The study tries to find such problems among the Tasmanian residents. It is discovered that such problem of inappropriate medical prescription are common in the nursing homes of Australia and proper guide to medication and prescription can help resolve such problems. The author uses the appropriate points and words to describe the condition and makes an outstanding conclusion, helping in creating awareness as well as providing a solution.

7.Muir SW, Gopaul K, Montero Odasso MM. The role of cognitive impairment in fall risk among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2012; 41:299–308

Taking the participants of age group less than 60 years and considering all the falls, the authors of this article perform a study analyzing the impairments resulting from the falls among the old people, and recognizes the significant factors and the impairments. The authors collects all the information from the study and discloses all the impairments resulting from the fall and agreeably states the problems associated with the falls.

8.Chase CA, Mann K, Wasek S, Arbesman M. Systematic review of the effect of home modification and fall prevention programs on falls and the performance of community-dwelling older adults. Am J Occup Ther 2012; 66:284–91?

Fall is not a common phenomenon and is one of the leading cause of the deaths of the older people. Falls are quite risky and apart from deaths, it can also cause several severe physical problems. Hence, this study has been conducted to study the results of the fall and the effectiveness of the home therapies in improving the condition of the patients suffering from the fall. The authors describes the home therapies as an effective solution to the problem of fall and suggests its implementations to the people, creating awareness with this study.

9.Sherrington C, Tiedemann A, Fairhall N, Close JC, Lord SR. Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated meta-analysis and best practice recommendations. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 2011; 22:78–83.

Falls among the older people can risk their lives and even cause them to be disabled for lifetime. It is well known that prevention is better than cure. Hence, this study describes various preventive measures and exercises in order to prevent the people from the disaster of falling. The study provides a brilliant solution, not just for older people, but to the people of all age group and appropriately and practically tries to create awareness among people by letting them prescribed exercise, disclosing the fact that with proper exercise and balance, falls can be prevented and life can be secured.

10.Summary of the Updated American Geriatrics Society/British Geriatrics Society clinical practice guideline for prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geriatric Soc 2011; 59:148–57

In this study, the strategies and the intervention programs are discussed that can help the health care specialists in reducing the falls among the old people and helping them lead a healthy life. The authors of this article explains the various exercises and physical therapies that can help the people reducing falls and improving the lifestyle. It takes both benefits and harms into consideration and to introduce various therapies that can be immensely helpful. The article concludes by stating that the intervention programs and other therapies can help reduce the falls.

11.Michael YL, Whitlock EP, Lin JS, Fu R, O’Connor EA, Gold R. Primary care-relevant interventions to prevent falling in older adults: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2010; 153:815–25.

As stated in this article, falls are both prevalent among the community dwelling adults as well as preventable. Relevant interventions can prevent the people from the injuries due to fall and protect their lives. This study aims at describing those benefits and harms from the intervention programs and making use of it to help the primary care practitioners reduce the falls among the adults and providing healthy guidelines for better lives. The authors of this study well efficiently described the benefits of the healthcare interventions and recommended true methods for the prevention and reduction in falls.

12.Cameron ID, Murray GR, Gillespie LD, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people in nursing care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010(1):CD005465

Fall is definitely one of the biggest problem for the older people. There are many intervention programs that are there to help the people not only to recover from the fall injuries but also to prevent it. However, are these programs really useful? This study is conducted to answer this question. The study considers 60,345 subjects and separates them into two settings, one in hospital setting and other in care facilities. The study proves that the interventions and care at the hospitals are more effective than the care facilities and the interventions at the care facilities are questionable. The authors make an in depth analysis of the data and the reports and wonderful explanations of the results with proper conclusion and summary, thus making it a careful report regarding the prevention of falls in older people.

13.Thomas S, Mackintosh S, Halbert J. Does the ‘Otago Exercise Programme’ reduce mortality and falls in older adults? a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2010; 39:681–7.

Mortality rate and the falls rate is said to be reduced by “Otago Exercise Programme”. This study has been conducted to check the efficiency of this programme. The total participants analyzed in this study were 1,503 people. The authors or the people behind the study made careful analysis of the patients and the conditions along with the effectiveness of the programme and concluded that the OEP is truly effective in its efforts and helps people in prevention and protection from fall and other physical injuries reducing the mortality rate.

14.Deandrea S, Lucenteforte E, Bravi F, Foschi R, La Vecchia C, Negri E. Risk factors for falls in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol 2010; 21:658–68.

In order to protect the people from falling and is injuries as well as mortality rate, it is necessary to have a complete understanding of the factors and reasons responsible for the fall. This study conducts a thorough analysis of such factors. These factors shall help in development of programs and therapies that can protect the older people from falling and the severe damages it creates. The study quite efficiently discovers the major factors and even the minor ones that can cause the fall and helps in creating awareness in avoiding such factors, thus helping not only the healthcare facilities but also the common people and educating them the ways to prevent the falls.

15.Sanders KM, Stuart AL, Williamson EJ, et al. Annual high-dose oral vitamin D and falls and fractures in older women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010; 303:1815–22.

This study was conducted to know whether the UI Cholecalciferol reduced the risk of fracture and falling. A thorough research and study was conducted and the 2256 community dwelling people were studied in order to find the desired result. The regular and monthly check along with proper monitoring were done an finally it was concluded that the oral doses of Cholecalciferol increased the risk of fractures and falls and was very damaging to the older women. The authors made a practical and in-depth analysis and explained in a well-mannered method, thus clarifying the doubts.