PS 200 Unit 9 Exam

Question 1.1. What is inattentional blindness?

@Unit 2 (Points : 2)

When you cannot see objects in your left visual field.

The inability to recognize human faces visually.

When we fail to detect a change in an object or a scene.

When are paying attention to some events in a scene, we fail to notice when an unexpected but completely visible object suddenly appears.

Question 2.2. Which of the following students provides the best, most complete definition of the term “perception”? (Points : 2)

Andrew: “Perception refers to the process of converting external stimuli into electrical signals within the nervous system.”

Marie-France: “Perception refers to the registration of visual information on the retina.”

Sarah: “Perception uses our previous knowledge to gather and interpret stimuli registered by the senses.”

Marco: “Perception refers to the mental images we create without any input from the external world.”

Question 3.3. What is the main problem experienced by patients with Broca’s aphasia.

@Unit 7 (Points : 2)

Problems producing language.

Problems comprehending language.

Problems recognizing faces.

Problems recognizing objects.

Question 4.4. What is the serial position effect?

@Unit 4 (Points : 2)

It is a U-shaped relationship between a words position in a list and the probability of recall.

It demonstrates that items in the middle of a list are easiest to remember.

It demonstrates that a words position in a list does not affect recall.

It demonstrates that items in the beginning of a list are the most difficult to remember.

Question 5.5. Which of the following is true of bottom-up processing?

@Unit 2 (Points : 2)

Bottom-up processing emphasizes that the stimulus characteristics are important when you recognize an object.

Bottom-up processing emphasizes how a person’s concepts, expectations, and memory can influence object recognition.

Neither A or B.

Both A and B.

Question 6.6. Imaging you are in a grocery store and you meet a nice elderly lady who is kind to your children. You decide that she must be a grandmother. Which decision-making heuristic did you use? (Points : 2)

The availability heuristic.

The representative heuristic.

The anchoring and adjustment heuristic.

The confirmation bias.

Question 7.7. The primacy effect represents

@Unit 4 (Points : 2)

Enhanced recall for items at the beginning of a list.

Enhanced recall for items in the middle of a list.

Better recall for items at the end of a list.

That position in a list does not affect recall.

Question 8.8. When we make judgments based on the ease with which examples come to mind, we are using (Points : 2)

the availability heuristic.

the representativeness heuristic.

the anchoring and adjustment heuristic.

the conjunction fallacy.

Question 9.9. What is cognitive neuroscience?

@Unit 1 (Points : 2)

Investigates which parts of the brain contribute to cognitive processes.

Investigates how our eyes interpret stimuli.

Investigates how we can divide our attention between multiple tasks.

none of the above.

Question 10.10. The phonological loop processes

@Unit 4 (Points : 2)

Sounds and language that you hear.

Visual and spatial information.

Both a and b.

Neither a and b.

Question 11.11. Consciousness refers to (Points : 2)

your ability to pay attention to two messages simultaneously.

your ability to eliminate undesirable thoughts, ideas and images.

your awareness of the outside world and of your perceptions, images, and feelings.

your ability to recognize human faces visually.

Question 12.12. Which of the following statements is true about working memory?

@Unit 4 (Points : 2)

It was traditionally referred to as short-term memory.

It is the brief, immediate memory for the limited amount of material that you are currently processing.

It lets you keep items active and accessible so you can use them for a variety of tasks.

All of the above statements are true.

Question 13.13. The executive attention network is responsible for

@Unit 3 (Points : 2)

the kind of attention we use on a task that focuses on conflict.

the kind of attention required when you must shift your attention around various spatial locations.

Both a and b.

Neither a or b.

Question 14.14. Which of the following statements is true about divided attention?

@Unit 3 (Points : 2)

We are excellent at dividing our attention between 2 tasks.

When we are dividing attention between 2 tasks, we become slower but more accurate.

When we are dividing attention between 2 tasks, both your speed and accuracy suffer.

When we are dividing attention between 2 tasks, you become faster but not more accurate.

Question 15.15. Which of the following statements is true about memory in elderly people?

@Unit 9 (Points : 2)

All forms of memory decline as we age.

All forms of memory improve as we age.

Some types of memory show age-related declines, whereas others remain unchanged.

Memory stays the same as we age.

Question 16.16. Autobiographical memory refers to

@Unit 5 (Points : 2)

Memories for how to do something.

Memories for events and issues related to someone else.

Memories for events and issues related to yourself.

Memory of the circumstances in which you learned about a surprising and emotionally arousing event.

Question 17.17. Which of the following is a component of the working memory system?

@Unit 4 (Points : 2)

Visuospatial sketchpad.

Episodic buffer.

Phonological loop.

All of the above.

Question 18.18. Which of the following statements is true about cognitive psychology?

@Unit 1 (Points : 2)

Cognitive activities are a major part of human psychology.

The cognitive approach influences other important areas of psychology.

You can learn how to use your cognitive processes more effectively.

All of the above.

Question 19.19. Which of the following is not a cognitive process?

@Unit 1 (Points : 2)

Decision-making.

Language.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Problem solving.

Question 20.20. What is prosopagnosia?

@Unit 2 (Points : 2)

When you cannot see objects in your left visual field.

The inability to recognize human faces visually.

When we fail to detect a change in an object or a scene.

When are paying attention to some events in a scene, we fail to notice when an unexpected but completely visible object suddenly appears.

Question 21.21. If you make a judgment based on prior beliefs and knowledge, rather than on the rules of logic, what is this known as?

@Unit 8 (Points : 2)

The belief-bias effect.

The confirmation-bias effect.

The anchoring and adjustment heuristic.

Decision-making.

Question 22.22. Thought suppression refers to (Points : 2)

your ability to pay attention to two messages simultaneously.

your ability to eliminate undesirable thoughts, ideas and images.

your awareness of the outside world and of your perceptions, images, and feelings.

your ability to recognize human faces visually.

Question 23.23. What is psycholinguistics?

@Unit 7 (Points : 2)

It is field that examines language.

It is field that examines memory.

It is field that examines decision-making.

It is field that examines perception.

Question 24.24. Which of the following is true of top-down processing?

@Unit 2 (Points : 2)

Top-down processing emphasizes that the stimulus characteristics are important when you recognize an object.

Top-down processing emphasizes how a person’s concepts, expectations, and memory can influence object recognition.

Neither A or B.

Both A and B.

Question 25.25. Which of the following is not a type of long-term memory?

@Unit 5 (Points : 2)

Episodic memory.

Semantic memory.

Procedural memory.

Working memory.

Question 26.26. What is the first letter technique? (Points : 2)

Combining several small units into larger units.

Arranging items in a series of classes, from the most general to the most specific.

Taking the first letter of each word you want to remember and composing a word or sentence from those letters.

Making up stories that link words together.

Question 27.27. What is a flashbulb memory?

@Unit 5 (Points : 2)

Memories for how to do something.

Memories for events and issues related to someone else.

Memories for events and issues related to yourself.

Memory of the circumstances in which you learned about a surprising and emotionally arousing event.

Question 28.28. In psycholinguistics, what does syntax mean?

@Unit 7 (Points : 2)

It is the basic unit of spoken language.

It is the basic unit of meaning.

Refers to grammatical rules that govern how we organize words into sentences.

Examines the meaning of words and sentences.

Question 29.29. When you are learning a new concept and you try to relate this concept to prior knowledge and interconnected concepts, what memory strategy are you using?

@Unit 6 (Points : 2)

Elaboration.

Self-referencing.

Distributed practice effect.

Testing effect.

Question 30.30. Which of the following students provides the most

complete and accurate definition for the term “attention”? (Points : 2)

Josh: “Attention refers to a focusing of cognitive processing so that you can concentrate on about three stimuli.”

Maeve: “Attention refers to the active process of combining isolated stimuli into a meaningful whole.”

Jenn: “Attention is a storage component that takes in all possible external stimuli and holds them for several seconds.”

Igor: “Attention is the concentration of mental activity that allows you to take in a limited portion of information available from your sensory world and memory.”

Question 31.31. In psycholinguistics, what does semantics means?

@Unit 7 (Points : 2)

It is the basic unit of spoken language.

It is the basic unit of meaning.

Refers to grammatical rules that govern how we organize words into sentences.

Examines the meaning of words and sentences.

Question 32.32. The orienting attention network is responsible for

@Unit 3 (Points : 2)

the kind of attention we use on a task that focuses on conflict.

the kind of attention required when you must shift your attention around various spatial locations.

Both a and b.

Neither a or b.

Question 33.33. Research in cognitive psychology has shown that working memory capacity is (Points : 2)

1 unit of information.

2 units of information.

7 plus or minus 2 units of information.

unlimited.

Question 34.34. In psycholinguistics, what is a phoneme?

@Unit 7 (Points : 2)

It is the basic unit of spoken language.

It is the basic unit of meaning.

Refers to grammatical rules that govern how we organize words into sentences.

Examines the meaning of words and sentences.

Question 35.35. Reterograde amnesia refers to

@Unit 5 (Points : 2)

Loss of the ability to form memories for events that have occurred after brain damage.

Loss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain damage.

Loss of memory for all events, both before and after brain damage.

Loss of working memory.

Question 36.36. What is the narrative technique? (Points : 2)

Combining several small units into larger units.

Arranging items in a series of classes, from the most general to the most specific.

Taking the first letter of each word you want to remember and composing a word or sentence from those letters.

Making up stories that link words together.

Question 37.37. Suppose that you are trying to decide whether to take a course from Professor Jones or Professor Smith. Your friends have made many positive comments about both professors. You decide to take a course with Professor Jones, because today you heard more praise about Professor Jones. What decision-making heuristic did you use? (Points : 2)

the availability heuristic.

the anchoring and adjustment heuristic.

the representativeness heuristic.

the recognition heuristic.

Question 38.38. Which of the following is a correct definition of procedural memory?

@Unit 5 (Points : 2)

Memories for events that have happened to you personally.

Organized knowledge about the world, including words and factual information.

Knowledge about how to do something.

Brief, immediate memory for a limited amount of information that you are currently processing.

Question 39.39. Which of the following is a cognitive process?

@Unit 1 (Points : 2)

Perception.

Attention.

Memory.

All of the above.

Question 40.40. When you begin with some specific premises that are true, and you need to judge whether those premises allow you to draw a particular conclusion, based on the principles of logic, what are you engaging in?

@Unit 8 (Points : 2)

Decision-making.

Perception.

Deductive reasoning.

c. Memory.

Question 41.41. What is the hierarchy technique? (Points : 2)

Combining several small units into larger units.

Arranging items in a series of classes, from the most general to the most specific.

Taking the first letter of each word you want to remember and composing a word or sentence from those letters.

Making up stories that link words together.

Question 42.42. The visuospatial sketchpad processes

@Unit 4 (Points : 2)

Sounds and language that you hear.

Visual and spatial information.

Both a and b.

Neither a and b.

Question 43.43. How often do we use cognitive processes?

@Unit 1 (Points : 2)

About once a week.

Rarely.

All the time, almost everything we do requires us to use cognitive processes.

Never.

Question 44.44. The recency effect represents

@Unit 4 (Points : 2)

Enhanced recall for items at the beginning of a list.

Enhanced recall for items in the middle of a list.

Better recall for items at the end of a list.

That position in a list does not affect recall.

Question 45.45. A professor asks students to guess what percent of people in homeless shelters are parents and children. Before you can consider your answer, another student shouts out “about 10%.” Your answer may be either higher or lower than it would be otherwise because of (Points : 2)

the belief-bias effect.

the confirmation bias.

the anchoring and adjustment heuristic.

the hindsight bias.

Question 46.46. Which of the following is an example of episodic memory? (Points : 2)

I remember receiving the letter of acceptance from my college.

I remember how to make spinach lasagna.

I know that daffodils bloom in the spring.

I know that Spanish has two different words for “to be.”

Question 47.47. Anterograde amnesia refers to

@Unit 5 (Points : 2)

Loss of the ability to form memories for events that have occurred after brain damage.

Loss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain damage.

Loss of memory for all events, both before and after brain damage.

Loss of working memory.

Question 48.48. Which of the following statements is true about cognitive psychology?

@Unit 1 (Points : 2)

It is the scientific study of mental processes.

It examines how we acquire, store, transform and use knowledge.

It utilizes an experimental approach to studying the mind.

all of the above

Question 49.49. What is long-term memory?

@Unit 5 (Points : 2)

Memories for events that have happened in the last few seconds.

Memories about events related to yourself.

Memories for experiences and information that you have accumulated throughout your lifespan.

Immediate memory for the limited amount of material that you are currently processing.

Question 50.50. What is the main problem experienced by patients with Wernicke’s aphasia.

@Unit 7 (Points : 2)

Problems producing language.

Problems comprehending language.

Problems recognizing faces.

Problems recognizing objects.