Organizational Management and Operations

Organizational Management and Operations

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Organizational Management and Operations

The United States policing system has been documented as one of the most successful systems in the entire world. This is because the system is made up of well demarcated division which are given specific duties. This therefore puts everyone in a given jurisdiction in which they are specifically supposed to work in. This demarcation has thus had several benefits both to the public in general and also to the officers. Even though these duties are well demarcated, there are several instances where overlaps may exist. This then makes them to work together as a team in an effort to maintain peace and wellbeing within their environment. They therefore have instances of overlap between their duties and aid one another when the time comes to that.

The policing system is divided into three main departments. At the very top is the federal organizational system. They form part of the executive arm of the United States government and are thereby limited by the authority of the congress. There are several federal agencies that fall within this system. To begin with, their main function is to ensure that the statutes of the United States Code are followed to the latter. The system has several multiple division that then deals with specific key issues as instructed.

The well-known divisions or entities of the federal policing system include the Federal Bureau of Investigation, The Department of Homeland Security and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. The other agencies that fall within this system include the Drug Enforcement Administration, The U.S Secret Service, The U.S Postal Inspection Service, The U.S Marshals Service, The U.S Coast guard, The U. S Customs and border protection, The Criminal Investigation Division of the Internal Revenue Service, The Federal Air Marshal Service among several others. All these specialized units have different functions and require different levels of training. These agencies are all located within the jurisdiction of the department of justice as of September 11th 2001.

Each and every U.S state is expected to maintain its own security. It is for this reason that the state police agents were formed. This system investigates crime and reinforces law at the level of the individual state. They are also expected to cover the extremely rural areas that have absolutely no police. Different states have different organizational systems of their state agencies. However, there are two main models from which the system of governance arises. In the first model, the state police agencies are given the general police powers and are expected to use that to enforce state laws as provided in the statutes. They also perform traffic regulation and routine patrol.

They also have subspecialized units that aid in the investigation of major crimes. Other than this they also have intelligence units which are given the duty of investigating major crimes, organized criminal activities, juvenile units, drug trafficking, crime laboratories among several others. This kind of model is mainly used in Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Vermont, and Arkansas. The second model is mainly used in California, Ohio, Georgia, Florida, and the Carolinas. In this system, the state police agencies mainly focus on the enforcement of laws that govern the operation of vehicles on public roads and highways. On rare occasions, these agencies also investigate crimes that take place or state property or crimes involving the use of public carriers.

The third aspect of the policing system involves the law enforcement department. This is found within the most basic set ups in the community and even in the rural settings. In some states these also encompass the county and municipality officers. These are specifically run by the county or the municipality offices. They are mainly involved in keeping of law and order and maintaining peace in the rural and semi urban areas. These agencies include the county, town and city organizations and sheriffs in some specific states. Currently most states have a provision for the office of the sheriff except Alaska. The sheriff often acts as the key law enforcement officer in the county with a countrywide provision.

The functions of the sheriff are well stipulated and include to begin with to provide law enforcement services to the county. Next, they are in charge of maintaining the county jail and receiving of prisoners in various stages of the criminal justice system. Finally, the office is in charge of providing personnel to transport defenders and prisoners and aid in civil matters. The comparisons that exists between the three departments is that all of them are mainly concerned with the maintaining of law and order within the county. They work hand in hand with the criminal justice system in the apprehension of criminals. Their functions is also to ensure that the citizens live in peace and harmony and that the criminals are apprehended. Their differences then lie in their varied lines of duty. All the different departments are given specific jurisdictions that they are expected to work by as have been explained in the above paragraphs. There is where the differences then lie.

The organization and management at the federal level is such that there are two types of agents. The federal police are the first within this system. These are given full federal authority as provided by the United States Code. Next are the federal law enforcement agencies in general. These agencies are given the role and given the authority to ensure that the law is enforced at the federal level. These are located at the highest of the organizational level of the federal policing system. The most important part point to note is that they work in tandem. Even though they have different jurisdictions. In as much as they maintain law and order within the federal system, they are limited by the U.S Code and are only expected to investigate only issues contained within the powers of the federal laws.

The department that is mainly responsible for law enforcement at this level is the department of justice. Under the department of justice the levels that are found below include the FBI, DEA, ATF, The U.S Marshals Service and the Federal Bureau of Prisons among several others. The next branch under the federal system is the department of Homeland Security. Under this there are several agencies that also report to it including The U.S Customs and border protection, Federal Air Marshal Service, United Security Coast Guard among several others.

The state agencies are organized in a manner so as to ensure law enforcement is adequately conducted including at times investigations and state patrols. In other states they are referred to as state patrols or highway patrols. This unit falls under the Department of Public Safety. These departments then have various sub specializations and divisions which are then given specific duties. These include the Capitol Police, Campus Police, State Hospitals, Water police, department of correction, game wardens among several others.

Most state police departments are organized by the police commissioner system. This system has a specific hierarchical system by which the state police system then runs. In this system, the commissioner falls between the Diplomatic Protection Group (DGP) and the Inspector General of the Police (IGP). The commissioner then has a very able team of subordinate police officers who then come below him. The specific hierarchy is determined by a given state depending on the amount of workload that they encounter on a day to day basis. The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) and the anti-corruption departments are governed by the senior police officers of DIG and IGP level. In several states, there are four main specialized divisions including the CID, the railway police, The PAC and the Anti-Corruption department.

The DPG is often the superior chief of the state police. He is therefore involved in policy making for the state police department. He is also involved in financial management and issues pertaining to the discipline of the officers. It is his office that deals with all the administrative issues pertaining to the state policing. Below him lies a series of deputy inspector general of the police. The DIG then supervises a number of administrative districts often approximately five. However these may at times be four or six. This forms the intermediary level of the administration, between the state and the district. The DIG also supervises the district superintendents of police. This office has its own specific hierarchy and duties and those that report to him. It is below these departments, The DIG and DGP that the other police officer units fall in place.

The policing system is organized in a way such that the police managers are at the very top of the leadership ladder within the police force. They thus conduct all the managerial programs and ensure that the system runs smoothly. These are very important personnel since they perform several duties within the police management system. To begin with, they ensure law and order is maintained in their areas of jurisdiction, be it law enforcement, the state agencies or the federal agencies. Next, they facilitate communication between different agencies within the country to ensure collaboration within the judicial and the police department.

Thirdly, they facilitate exchange of crucial information involving both the community and those in question and suspected criminals. Inter-agency collaboration then helps the officers to communicate effectively with one another which then helps in the general safety and wellbeing of the entire community. Finally, these managers also help to foster a good relationship between the police and the community. This is mainly done by ensuring that procedural justice is done. Leaders that execute procedural justice within their judicial system help to increase the public’s belief and trust in them. By giving the public a listening ear and acting in honest and respectable manner, they make the public believe in the system and thus feel comfortable with the entire policing system.