CRJ 330 Assignment 1: Research Paper

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Abstract

Transnational crime is a type of crime that includes both kind of criminals, one of which is a small-time criminal and the other who are professional criminals. There are many branches of transnational crime for example, fraudulent, drug trafficking, terrorism, and even money laundering. All these crimes are not just committed locally but could also take place internationally in addition to hijacking, technology, counterfeiting, and many other crimes. Transnational crime does not have a specialty or specialize in any crime it can be any form of corruption that is linked in different types of crime (Bossard, 1990).

Review one (1) transnational crime:

One of the common types of transnational crime is drug trafficking and very famous because it serves as the primary source of income or how they make their money for many criminal organizations. When it comes to drug trafficking, it is usually associated with organizations that are trying to control and own their area or territory. Where smuggling of drugs becomes easier when they control the area that is being transported to and from. In a sense, they get all the profit instead of fighting and sharing with a common enemy, and they would have control over the law enforcement (Calderon, 2015).

Compare/contrast two (2) countries between crime, crime rate,

and tools used to measure:

In the state of Missouri, The St Louis Metropolitan Police Department has kept a longstanding record, these practices have allowed them to be UpToDate on their crime measurement. From 1948 to 1978, they have an Annual Reports which will enable them to keep track of the crimes that are committed and all arrest data. The crimes that are analyzed are violent crimes, for example, homicide, robbery, and burglary. Some arrests divided by the number of crimes were the way of old-fashioned calculation. This process is still done about the same way today but a bit faster process with the use of technology (Decker, & Kohfeld., 1985).

England uses the urban scaling hypothesis to find out the crime and how it is measured. As the population in cities or areas change, it is somewhat predictable within the variation on the scale of averaging. It is mathematically formalized according to the size of expectation that is distributed in the cities-metric system they use. This is used based on the type of crime and its property values. They have revisited and revised due to some bias comments, and now they use

“density scaling laws and scale-adjusted metrics,” (Ribeiro, Hanley, & Lewis., 2018).

Determine each country’s legal traditions and their major influences:

England’s legal system is based on “English Common Law” and “English Civil Law,” it provides the bases of American constitutional traditions which have some similarities but a distinctive variation over the time. Both the United Kingdom and the United States, in the 20th Century, practiced rigorous law enforcement for any undesirable behavior or crime. In the

1970’s, the death penalty was then eliminated in the United States, and the 1965’s the United Kingdom. Modern legislation is practiced in the UK and Constitutional in the US (brittanica.com).

Examine the extent to which crime statistics compiled in different

countries can adequately be compared:

Actual events of crime that are reported by victims and recorded by police, data entry, research done in the use of statistics or missed records, data, and statistics can also easily cause errors from country to country. Proper evaluation if it is their primary focus then you may get an adequate stat that could be compared accurately. It could be potential of mistrust or wrong information by mistake can lead to a clash between countries and must be avoided at all cost.

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