CRJ 180 Midterm

Question 1

6 out of 6 points


	Youth who are diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder are more likely to:
	Selected Answer: All of the above are correct.Correct Answer: All of the above are correct.

Question 2

6 out of 6 points


	Life-course persistent delinquents:
	Selected Answer: remain locked in antisocial lifestyles throughout their lives.Correct Answer: remain locked in antisocial lifestyles throughout their lives.

Question 3

6 out of 6 points


	Most criminologists agree that juvenile crime is less violent today than it was in the early 1990s. According to the text, the reason(s) cited for this decline include:
	Selected Answer: All of the above are correct.Correct Answer: All of the above are correct.

Question 4

6 out of 6 points


	Serious chronic offenders often commit their first crimes before age _____ and by age ____ have a lengthy police record.
	Selected Answer: 10; 18Correct Answer: 10; 18

Question 5

6 out of 6 points


	A set of characteristics that describe a person’s beliefs, ways of thinking, behaviors, and motivations is called __________.
	Selected Answer: personalityCorrect Answer: personality

Question 6

6 out of 6 points


	According to the theory of differential oppression, some children are obedient out of fear. This particular response to oppression is called:
	Selected Answer: passive acceptance.Correct Answer: passive acceptance.

Question 7

6 out of 6 points


	_______ theory tells us that crime is a result of certain conditions within certain neighborhoods.
	Selected Answer: Cultural devianceCorrect Answer: Cultural deviance

Question 8

0 out of 6 points


	During the 18th and 19th centuries, all children who committed violent crimes in England were
	Selected Answer: sent to prison.Correct Answer: Only A and B are correct.

Question 9

6 out of 6 points


	Frequent explanations for the disparity between White and African American rates of juvenile offending include:
	Selected Answer: All of the choices are correct.Correct Answer: All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

6 out of 6 points


	According to labeling theorists, the main problem with calling a child “delinquent” is that:
	Selected Answer: the child may internalize the description and live up to it.Correct Answer: the child may internalize the description and live up to it.

Question 11

6 out of 6 points


	According to rational choice theory, offenders:
	Selected Answer: weigh the costs and benefits of their behavior before they act.Correct Answer: weigh the costs and benefits of their behavior before they act.

Question 12

6 out of 6 points


	According to Albert Cohen, teachers, social workers, and some parents judge children by:
	Selected Answer: the middle-class measuring rod.Correct Answer: the middle-class measuring rod.

Question 13

6 out of 6 points


	The text defines a theory as:
	Selected Answer: ideas used to explain facts.Correct Answer: ideas used to explain facts.

Question 14

6 out of 6 points


	According to Edwin Sutherland, delinquent behavior is:
	Selected Answer: learned through interaction with others.Correct Answer: learned through interaction with others.

Question 15

0 out of 6 points


	In a conflict subculture, children
	Selected Answer: join gangs, which engage in frequent conflict with one another.Correct Answer: turn to violence out of frustration over the lack of legitimate and illegitimate opportunities in their neighborhoods.

Question 16

6 out of 6 points


	______ is a personality disorder characterized by serious antisocial behavior, lack of guilt, deception, and little fear or anxiety.
	Selected Answer: PsychopathyCorrect Answer: Psychopathy

Question 17

6 out of 6 points


	______ is an example of a status offense.
	Selected Answer: TruancyCorrect Answer: Truancy

Question 18

6 out of 6 points


	Early attempts to regulate juvenile behavior included:
	Selected Answer: implementing rigid laws with equally severe punishments for children as adults.Correct Answer: implementing rigid laws with equally severe punishments for children as adults.

Question 19

6 out of 6 points


	Which of the following is/are a developmental risk factor(s) for delinquency?
	Selected Answer: All are risk factorsCorrect Answer: All are risk factors

Question 20

6 out of 6 points


	Sigmund Freud theorized that personality consists of three parts; the part that is present at birth and consists of a person’s desires and motives is called the ______.
	Selected Answer: idCorrect Answer: id

Question 21

6 out of 6 points


	According to Cesare Beccaria’s ideas, punishment must be swift, certain, and _____.
	Selected Answer: severeCorrect Answer: severe

Question 22

6 out of 6 points


	The age–crime curve has been found to:
	Selected Answer: be similar regardless of race, gender, or socioeconomic status.Correct Answer: be similar regardless of race, gender, or socioeconomic status.

Question 23

6 out of 6 points


	According to the text, which is not one of the four R’s taught in American schools today?
	Selected Answer: respecting authority.Correct Answer: respecting authority.

Question 24

6 out of 6 points


	The existence of free will means that:
	Selected Answer: human beings have the ability to make choices.Correct Answer: human beings have the ability to make choices.

Question 25

6 out of 6 points


	According to the text, patriarchy is:
	Selected Answer: a social system that values male domination and hierarchy.Correct Answer: a social system that values male domination and hierarchy.

out of 6 points Frequent explanations for the disparity between White and African American rates of juvenile offending include: Selected Answer: All of the choices are correct.Correct Answer: All of the choices are correct. Question 106 out of 6 points According to labeling theorists, the main problem with calling a child "delinquent" is that: Selected Answer: the child may internalize the description and live up to it.Correct Answer: the child may internalize the description and live up to it. Question 116 out

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