The Power of Resiliency
PSY/225namedateinstructor
Training Objectives
Learn the concept and definitions of resiliency Examine why it is important to study resiliency as an educatorReview a snapshot of risks students faceDiscuss current resiliency researchLearn specific strategies to develop and support resiliency in your students
Discussion: 1
How would you describe someone who is resilient?How do individuals develop resilient qualities?
“The world breaks everyone and afterward many are strong at the broken places.” Ernest Hemingway
Resiliency is Catching On
Military: Army“…to not only bounce back, but to thrive under challenging conditions.” – Brigadier CornumBusiness: IBM“The ability of an organization’s business operations to rapidly adapt and respond…”
Resiliency Defined
A pattern of positive adaptation in the context of past or present adversity (Wright & Masten, 2005).A set of inner resources, social competencies, and cultural strategies that permit individuals to not only survive, but recover, or even thrive after stressful events, but also to draw from the experience to enhance subsequent functioning (Stanton-Salazar & Spina, 2000).
Resiliency Defined (cont.)
Resilience in childhood is defined as typical development in the face of adverse circumstances that propel others to deleterious outcomes (Deater-Deckard, Ivy, & Smith, 2005). Resilience itself could be seen as the process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation in the face of challenging or threatening circumstances (Veselksa, Geckova, Orosova, Gajdosova, van Dijk, & Reijneveld, 2008).
Why Study Resiliency?
Children face adversity and are at riskWide variety of outcomes
Risks Students Face in CA
PovertyA child is born into poverty every 5 minutes1,591,295 children or 17.3% live in poverty (below $22,050 for a family of 4)6.6% live in extreme poverty (below one-half of poverty dollar amount)…. increased to 8% in 2009 (http://datacenter.kidscount.org) Abuse A child is abused or neglected every 6 minutes
Risks Students Face in CA
Juvenile Arrests231,735 arrests in 200815,240 living in juvenile residential facilitiesFirearmsA child or teen is killed by gunfire every 20 hours Academic Challenges77% of 4th graders are below grade level in reading70% of 4th graders are below grade level in math6.5% of 16 to 19 year olds are not enrolled in school and not high school graduates –Children’s Defense Fund (www.childrensdefense.org)
Making a Difference…
“Shifting the balance or tipping the scales from vulnerability to resilience may happen as a result of one person or one opportunity.” – F. Benard
How Does Resiliency Work?
How do children “make it”?RisksProtective FactorsAssets
Background of Resiliency Research
Understand, prevent, and treat mental health problemsUnderstand the etiology of mental illness, schizophrenia, and conditions such as autismEvaluate consequences of major threats to development such as premature birth or traumaIn this process, researchers recognized unexpectedly positive adaptation or recovery after adversity in the lives of the young people they studied
Assets & Positive Attitudes/Behaviors
Resiliency Model
StressorsAdversityRisks
Individual & Environmental Protective Factors
Disruption
Reintegration
Dysfunctional Reintegration
Reintegration to Comfort Zone (Homeostasis)
Reintegration with Resiliency
Reintegrationwith Loss(Maladaptation)
Adapted from Richardson, Neiger, Jensen & Kumpfer, 1990
Key Points in Resiliency Model
When individuals experience adversity, they also experience protective factors These internal and external protective factors buffer the effects of adversityWithout protective factors, some individuals experience maladaptive coping mechanisms such as substance abuse, loss of self-worth, or an increase in risky behaviors
Resiliency Model Messages
Adversity can lead to a variety of outcomesBoth internal and external factors in the environment are critical for building resiliency
Fostering Resiliency with Students
Keep and encourage family members to be involved. Communicate regularly with family members regarding positive behaviors/academic performance.Consciously care and connect with students regularly and positivelySupport students to be involved with some of the many before, after, and in-school activities
Fostering Resiliency with Students
Provide opportunities for cooperative peer-to peer interactions through teaching strategies and/or school programsPromote sharing of responsibilities, service to others, required helpfulness
Fostering Resiliency with Students
Norms, rules, and policies are communicated clearly and regularly Involve students in rule setting and consequences as appropriate
Discussion: 6
Mitigate/Lesson Risk Factors in the Environment
What are some life skills you value as important to model for your students or include in your curriculum development?
Teach Life Skills
Fostering Resiliency with Students
Provide ongoing instruction in life skills appropriate to developmental tasks such as goal setting, identifying and expressing positive and negative feelingsIntegrate and support the following skills: assertiveness, healthy conflict resolution, cooperation, good decision making and effective problem solvingModel and discuss healthy stress management techniques
Fostering Resiliency with Students
Provide unconditional positive regard and encouragementNotice all students, draw out those who may not readily participate, and intervene when necessary Remark on strengths and coping mechanismsProvide a variety of ways for students to be recognized and rewardedReward random acts of kindness
Fostering Resiliency with Students
Develop cooperative teaching strategiesFocus on both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation based on age and interestPlace responsibility for learning on the students through active participationCommunicate that the schoolwork is important, you are confident it can be done, and you will not give up on them.
Fostering Resiliency with Students
Allow and encourage students to participate in class or school decisions.. Provide opportunities to help other students through cooperative learning, peer helping or providing service to others. Support students in taking on new challenges in and outside of the classroom.
Promoting Resiliency in Schools
Classroom InterventionsPractice empathyHelp all students feel welcome and appreciatedDevelop realistic expectationsDiscuss the role of mistakes in learningDevelop responsibility and compassionTeach students how to solve problems and make decisionsUse discipline to promote self-discipline -Brooks & Goldstein (2001)
References
Websiteswww.search-institute.orgwww.cdl.org Free Newsletters from the Search InstituteYouthSense: a resource for people who work with children and teensThe Asset Champion: inspiring stories from community initiatives around the worldInsights and Evidence: latest research findings
References (cont.)
Books“Fostering Resilience,” by Martin Krovetz“Resiliency: What we Have Learned,” by Bonnie Bernard“Understanding and Managing Children’s Classroom Behavior”, by Sam Goldstein and Robert Brooks
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