Required Theories For Success

Theories

Several theories exists that are essential for success in super vision. The following theories will be further discussed:Theory XTheory YMotivational

Theories (Contd.)

Other theories for leadership include but are not limited to:BehavioralContingencyTrait

The Importance of Theories

Theory X: Developed by Douglas McGregor is a simple theory based on supervisors conduct.According to More & Miller (2011) explained “The ordinary employee has an aversion to work and will strive to do everything possible to steer clear of it. Most people, becauseof their dislike for work, will have to be coerced, forced, directed, or told that punishment may be in order so that organizational goals can be achieved” (More & Miller, 2011).This theory emphasizes all the negative aspect f why employees dislike working.

The Importance of Theories

Theory Y: This theory is the opposite of theory X.According to More & Miller (2011) explained “The average individual does not have a natural dislike for work. Individuals have the capacity to develop, to assume responsibility, and to direct their behavior toward goal realization” (More & Miller, 2011).This theory emphasizes all the reason workers enjoy and want to work.

The Importance of Theories

Motivational Theory: This theory developed by Abraham H. Maslow consisting of five hierarchy of needs.According to More & Miller (2011) stated “The strongest and most fundamental needs are physiological needs. Security needs emerge once a person’s basic needs are fulfilled. With the fulfillment of physiological and security needs, social needs emerge. Self-esteem, including such factors as a need for independence, and freedom. The second area was identified as respect from others. This is the stage of self-actualization, which is characterized by the need to develop feelings of growth and maturity” (More & Miller, 2011).

The Importance of Theories

Behavioral Theory:How a leaders behavior can predict the type of supervisor he or she will turn out to be.According to More & Miller (2011) explained “Two factors are identified as initiating structureand consideration” (More & Miller, 2011). Structure can be seen between the relationship building that will eventually lead to effective communication between supervisor and subordinate.Consideration can be seen as the respect and trust between supervisor and subordinates that will effect The quality of work in an organization.

The Importance of Theories

Contingency Theory:Al leaders style must be flexible to adapt to different scenario and situations.According to More & Miller (2011) explained “This theory postulated three factors of majorimportance and identified them as (1) the leader’s position power, (2) the structure of the task, and (3) the interpersonal relationship between the leader and members” (More & Miller, 2011). A leaders power to reward or punished subordinates falls under position power. Task oriented methodsfall under task structure. Personal relationship deals with the relationship maintained between leader andSubordinates.

The Importance of Theories

Trait Theory:According to More & Miller (2011) stated “The trait theory of leadership identifies distinguishing qualities or characteristics a person possesses when functioning as an effective leader” (More & Miller, 2011).A leaders distinguished qualities and characteristics can be identified in successful leaders.

Impacts on Supervisory Practices

Theories impact supervisory practices in many ways:Will your supervisor will be an effected or ineffected leader.Does your supervisor posses the skills to effectively communicate with subordinates.The work environment atmosphere.The quality and production of work.The subordinates likelihood to comply and follow rules and standards.The subordinates job performance.Organizational support, reward systems and more.

Theories Support

One study conducted on the Trait Theory was done by Stogdill between 1948-1974.According to Northouse (2009) explained “An individual does not become a leader solely because that individual possesses certain traits. The list included the following 10 characteristics:1. drive for responsibility and task completion; 2. vigor and persistence in pursuit of goals;3. risk taking and originality in problem solving; 4. drive to exercise initiative in social situations;5. self-confidence and sense of personal identity; 6. willingness to accept consequences of decision and action;7. readiness to absorb interpersonal stress; 8. willingness to tolerate frustration and delay;9. ability to influence other people’s behavior; and 10. capacity to structure social interaction systems to the purpose at hand” (Northhouse, 2009).

References

More, H.W., & Miller, L. S. (2011). Effective Police Supervision (6th Ed.). Burlington, MA: Anderson Publishing.Northhouse, P.G. (2009). Leadership: Theory and Practice (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications