SC121 UNIT 2 SEMINAR

UNIT 2 SEMINAR

OPTION 2 ASSIGNMENT

SC121-08

Why does the body need organic compounds?

Chemical compounds can be classified into two broad groups, organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are large, complex compounds containing carbon. These are the chemical building blocks of the body and serve as fuel molecules that provide energy for body activities. Organic compounds also regulate and participate in thousands of chemical reactions necessary for life. Four important group of organic compounds are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid (Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. H. 2014).

Can the body use inorganic compounds?

Yes, our bodies can use inorganic compounds because our bodies need inorganic compounds because our body is made up of atoms, ions, and molecules. The life processes depend on the organization and interaction of these chemical units. Chemical compounds are molecules that have two or more atoms combined in a fixed proportion like water which is a chemical compound that has two atoms of hydrogen that a chemically combined with one atom of oxygen. Inorganic compounds are relatively simple, small compounds such as water, salt, simple acid like hydrochloric acid, and simple base like ammonia. These substances are required for fluid balance and for many activities of cell such as transporting materials through the cell membrane (Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. H. 2014).

The risks are worth using artificial sweeteners because?

One benefit of artificial sweeteners is that they do not contribute to tooth decay and cavities. They may also help with weight control. One of the most appealing aspects of artificial sweeteners is that they are non-nutritive they have virtually no calories. In contrast, each gram of regular table sugar contains 4 calories. A teaspoon of sugar is about 4 grams. For perspective, consider that one 12-ounce can of a sweetened cola contains 10 teaspoons of added sugar, or about 150 calories. If you are trying to lose weight or prevent weight gain, products sweetened with artificial sweeteners, rather than with higher calorie table sugar, may be an attractive option. On the other hand, some research has suggested that consuming artificial sweeteners may be associated with increased weight, but the cause is not yet known, and Diabetes. Artificial sweeteners may be a good alternative to sugar if you have diabetes. Unlike sugar, artificial sweeteners generally do not raise blood sugar levels because they are not carbohydrates. But because of concerns about how sugar substitutes are labeled and categorized, always check with your doctor or dietitian about using any sugar substitutes if you have diabetes (Tandle, K. R.2011).

Can the body use proteins as ingested? Why or why not?

No, the body cannot use proteins as ingested because for the body to use proteins it must first be broken down into its constituent parts that is amino acids because the process of digestion targets the peptide bonds that hold the amino acid together by the help of enzymes (Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. H. 2014).

Why do you feel hungry shortly after a sugary treat?

Because after ingesting a large amount of sugar your body needs to bring down your blood sugar level, so your body secretes high levels of insulin that does its job by decreasing your blood sugar level, and then sooner than later you would start to feel hungry again (Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. H. 2014).

Why are some lipids important for the body to function properly?

Lipids are important for the body to function properly because they are the bodies store of energy. They are also an important part of the membrane surrounding everybody cell the basic building blocks from which several hormones (chemical messengers) and bile acids (digestive juices) are made and they are components of the nervous system (Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. H. 2014).

Why does the body require carbohydrates?

The cells of your body use circulating glucose to make energy at rest and during exercise. Not only do your cells need carbohydrates but your brain is entirely dependent on carbs for energy. Carbs help maintain blood glucose during exercise and restore muscle glycogen during rest and recovery from exercise (Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. H. 2014).

How do cells get energy?

The cell gets its energy when nutritional components of food are oxidized by the oxygen of inspiration in mitochondria. The bonds break and energy are released in the process which is trapped in the energy rich compounds ATP. When the cells need energy a phosphate bond breaks and energy is released for performing cellular activity (Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. H. 2014).

How was each artificial sweetener discovered?

Saccharin was the first artificial sweetener discovered was accidentally found in 1879 by a chemistry research assistant Constantine Fehlberg he was working on new food preservatives when he accidentally spilled some of the compound he had synthesized on his hands and realized it had a sweet taste like sugar (Tandle, K. R.2011).

Aspartame, discovered in 1965 is a low-calorie sweetener with a sugar-like taste but is approximately 200 times sweeter than sucrose (Tandle, K. R.2011).

Sucralose was discovered by British researchers in 1976. It is the only non-caloric sweetener made from sugar and considered as a latest international Zero-Calorie sugar substitute (Tandle, K. R.2011).

Are there side effects from ingesting any of these sweeteners?

Studies have shown that aspartame poses antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory action. Interference of aspartame with rheumatoid factor activity has been proposed to alleviate the pain and immobility resulting from chronic inflammation of joints (Tandle, K. R.2011).

Study has shown that consumption of products containing saccharin may lead to increased body weight and obesity by interfering with fundamental homeostatic and physiological processes (Tandle, K. R.2011).

Safety concerns pertaining to sucralose revolve around the fact that it belongs to a class of chemicals called organic chlorides, some types of which are toxic or carcinogenic; however, the presence of chlorine in an organic compound does not in any way ensure toxicity (Tandle, K. R.2011).

Why are carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids important to the human body?

Carbohydrates are sugars and starches. They are used as fuel by the body and to store energy. Lipids include fats, compounds that store energy; phospholipids, which are components of cell membrane; and steroids, which include several hormones. Proteins are complex, and large compounds composed of subunits called amino acids. Some proteins serve as enzymes, catalyst that regulate chemical reactions (Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. H. 2014).

What is DNA?

DNA makes up genes (the hereditary material) It contains the instructions for making all the proteins needed by the cell. It is also one of the two important nucleic acids which are large and complex compounds (Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. H. 2014).

What is RNA?

RNA is important in the process of manufacturing proteins and is also a nucleic acid compound (Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. H. 2014).

References

Tandle, K. R. (2011). Sugar substitutes: Health controversy over perceived benefits. Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics. 2(4), 236-243. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3198517/

Tortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. H. (2014). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 14th Edition. [Kaplan]. Retrieved from https://kaplan.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781118934678/